MxA: differentiation between viral and bacterial infections
Biovendor introduces a new laboratory tool for differentiation of viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections (RTI) to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.
Elevated MxA levels are more specific to viral infections and help differentiate viral infections from bacterial infections. MxA is useful in clinical practice to avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatments in viral infections. High MxA levels are found in presence of respiratory viruses such as Influenza A/B, Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), SARS-CoV-2, Metapneumovirus, Parainfluenza Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), or blood-transfered viruses such as Dengue virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHF), Yellow Fever Virus, Chikungunya Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV).
Clinical Applications and Benefits of MxA
MxA is used as a very early marker of viral diseases, as its concentration increases significantly due to viral infection as early as 1.2 hours and peaks after 16 hours. The clinical use of MxA has been described primarily in emergency departments and pediatrics, especially in patients with fever and symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Determination of MxA protein in combination with CRP could be a valuable test for early diagnosis of viral infection and differentiation of bacterial infection. In newborns or preterm newborns, the frequency of viral infections is 6-8 times more frequent over bacterial infections, and antibiotic treatment is overused substantially. Avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatments substantially reduces risks of immunity damage or later autoimmunity disorders development in the patient group. Decision limits vary depending on the used analytical method and the biological material being investigated. The combination of MxA with CRP values offers a high negative predictive value (99%), effectively identifying individuals who do not require antibiotic treatment.
Clinical applications
Diferentiation between viral and bacterial infections
Viral infections: acute phase disease monitoring
Biovendor offers Lateral Flow Test for determination of MxA uses a pair of specific monoclonal antibodies to bind MxA protein from the capillary blood. The assay provides quantitative results if Bi-Reader® is used to read out the signal.
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